I'm no electrician so why do some say 12/2 and some say 12/3?
12/2 is 12 gauge wire with two conductors and is usually inferred thats with a bare ground. 12/3 would be 12 gauge with 3 conductors. 10/3 would be 10 gauge with 3 conductors, and so on. Some of the cords I use around the farm for portable apps might be 10/3 wG or 10/4. Either one is a 4 conducter cord with a green wire for ground.
Local codes may say otherwise but different gauges for different amperage.
10 gauge is good for 30 amps
12 gauge is good for 25 amps
14 gauge is good for 20 amps
However local building codes may say 14 gauge can only be used up to 15 amps.
A very handy app that I've had on all my smartphones is Elec Ref, Electrical Reference App from Trunnion LLC.
It lists everything from how many wires you can fit in a conduit, transformer size, resistor coding, and proper size of wire to use based on temp and aluminum or copper wire.
http://www.trunnion.info/elecref.htmlThey also have a handy app for machinists as well.
http://www.trunnion.info/mechtool.html